As a founding member of the Beach Boys, Carl Wilson and his band directly informed the pop culture landscape and rock & roll trends of the '60s, '70s, and beyond. His earliest contributions to the group were lead guitar, harmony vocals, and the select lead vocal here and there, but after his oldest brother Brian Wilson's stepped away from touring in 1965, Carl effectively took over as the band's on-stage director and general leader, guiding them through multiple decades of success both on tour and on the radio. In addition, he acted as producer on tracks in a run of Beach Boys albums that included 1970's Sunflower and emotionally driven sets like 1971's Surf's Up and 1973's Holland. Wilson briefly struck out as a solo artist in the early '80s but remained a driving force in the Beach Boys camp until his death in 1998. Carl Wilson was the third and youngest son of Murry and Audree Wilson, following his brothers Brian and Dennis Wilson. He showed an early interest in music when he became a fan of country & western fiddler Spade Cooley, whom he saw on television. At age 12, he asked his parents to buy him a guitar, and he briefly took lessons but soon began teaching himself to play rock & roll. (He also studied saxophone in high school.) Brian was a far more advanced musician, however, and in 1961, when Carl was 14, Brian organized a singing group consisting of the three brothers plus their first cousin, Mike Love, and Brian's school friend Alan Jardine. The group auditioned for a small record label and recorded "Surfin'," which reached the national charts in February 1962, leading the band, dubbed the Beach Boys, to sign a contract with Capitol Records. Carl became the lead guitarist, Jardine played rhythm guitar, Dennis was the drummer, Love sang, and Brian, who had primarily been a keyboard player, was instructed in the rudiments of the bass guitar by Carl. The Beach Boys went on to massive popular success in the early '60s. Though Brian dominated the band's songwriting early on, Carl had his first composition on a Beach Boys album with "Surf Jam," featured on the 1963 LP Surfin' Safari, and thereafter regularly contributed songs. He and Brian were co-credited as songwriters on the 1964 single "Dance, Dance, Dance," which became a Top Ten hit. In early 1965, Brian announced to the group that he would no longer tour, restricting his activities to writing, producing, and performing on their records. Bruce Johnston was hired as his on-stage replacement, and Carl took over as the band's musical director on the road. He performed his first lead vocal on a Beach Boys track, "Girl Don't Tell Me," on the album Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!!) A far more memorable lead vocal assignment came the following year when he sang on the Top 40 hit "God Only Knows" from the Beach Boys' celebrated album Pet Sounds. He followed it later in 1966 by singing the verses in the group's chart-topping hit "Good Vibrations." Brian receded further from leadership of the Beach Boys after 1966, and Carl increasingly took over the reins of the band in the studio as well as on the road. He sang lead vocals on several of the group's Top 40 singles of the late '60s, "Wild Honey," "Darlin'," and "I Can Hear Music"; he also produced "I Can Hear Music" and co-produced the Top 20 hit "Do It Again" with Brian. In the early '70s, he produced the bulk of the albums Carl and the Passions: So Tough and Holland. The Beach Boys enjoyed a commercial comeback in the mid-'70s with their chart-topping compilation Endless Summer and in the late '70s, they signed a lucrative deal with CBS Records' Caribou label. But Carl became dissatisfied with the group's musical retrenchment, and he left the band in 1980 to work on his first solo album, Carl Wilson, released on Caribou in March 1981. He put together a backup band and toured in 1981 to support the release, but it was a marginal seller, barely making the charts. He cut a second album, Youngblood, but then decided to return to the Beach Boys in October 1982. Youngblood was released to minimal fanfare in April 1983, and though a single, "What You Do to Me," reached the charts, the LP did not. Carl threw himself into the next group album, 1985's The Beach Boys. It produced a Top 40 hit, "Getcha Back," and became the highest-charting album by the band in nine years. Three years later, the Beach Boys returned to number one with "Kokomo," sung by Carl and Love. This comeback hit renewed the band's popular status, and they spent the next decade touring extensively but not creating much new music. In his free time, Carl began working with Gerry Beckley of America and Robert Lamm of Chicago on an album that they recorded between 1992 and 1997. But just as they finished it, Carl was diagnosed with brain cancer; he died the following year. Like a Brother, credited to Beckley-Lamm-Wilson, was released in 2000. As the years went on, various unreleased recordings of Carl's vocal performances were eventually released, as on the 2010 Al Jardine solo album A Postcard from California, as well as archival Beach Boys releases. ~ William Ruhlmann, Rovi