Angeloni was a respected teacher at the Istituto Musicale Pacini where he taught harmony, organ, singing and counterpoint. He was responsible for the successful education of many fine musicians spanning several generations, including Giacomo Puccini and Alfredo Catalani. He composed five operas, as well as a number of songs, piano works and band and orchestral pieces. His works were only performed in Lucca or neighboring small towns, and none of his compositions were ever published.